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Evaluation

Practical Activities

To observe prepared slides of transverse section of stems of herbaceous and woody plants.

  • Permanent slides of transverse sections of:
  • Herbaceous plant and  Woody plant are obtained.
  • The permanent slide of a herbaceous plant is placed onto the stage of the microscope.
  • Observations under the low power and medium power objective is made.
  • A plan diagram is drawn and labelled.
  • The permanent slide of a woody plant is placed on the stage of the microscope.
  • Observations under the low power and medium power objectives are made.
  • A plan diagram is drawn and labelled.
  • In both cases, support tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, sc1erenchyma and xylem are observed.

To observe wilting in young herbaceous plants.

  • A herbaceous potted plant e.g. bean plant is obtained.
  • The plant is placed on the bench near a window and left for 3 days without watering on the third and subsequent day.
  • The shoot droops due to fall in turgor pressure; caused by water loss.

To examine the exoskeleton in an arthropod.

  • Obtain a beetle and observe the external structure.
  • The exoskeleton is on the outer surface with muscles attached on inner side.
  • The exoskeleton is hardened by chitin.
  • Movement is due to joints on the limbs.
  • Also examine various shed cocoons of insects e.g., butterfly.

To observe the external features of a finned fish.

  • Fresh Tilapia is obtained and placed on a tray.
  • Observations are made on the external features of the fish.
  • A labelled drawing is made.
  • Features like scales, fins a streamlined body and an operculum are seen.
  • Opened operculum reveals the gills.

To examine bones of the axial skeleton of a rabbit.

  • Bones of the vertebra column are obtained.
  • These are cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral.
  • For each of the bones the distinguishing features are listed down.
  • Labelled drawings of the anterior and lateral views is made.

 

To observe bones of appendicular skeleton.

  • Bones of pectoral girdle and fore limb are obtained i.e., scapula, humerus, ulna and radius.
  • Labelled drawing of each bone is made.
  • Observations on how the bones articulate with one another is made.
  • Bones of pelvic girdle and hind limbs are obtained i.e., pelvic girdle, femur, tibia and fibula.
  • Labelled drawings of each, bone is made.
  • The distinguishing features of each bone is noted.
  • Observations on how the bones articulate with one another is made.