1. REACTION WITH AMMONIA

-Dip a glass rod in ammonia.

 Bring it to the mouth of a gas jar containing a gas suspected to be hydrogen chloride

  -White fumes of ammonia chloride are formed.

2. REACTION WITH METALS

 Metals above hydrogen in reactivity series react with hydrochloric and liberating hydrogen gas.

Zn (s)  +   2HCl (aq)   ->  ZnCl₂ (aq) +    H₂ (g)

3. REACTION WITH SALTS

Carbonates and hydrogen carbonate react with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon (IV) oxide, water and form chlorides.

  All chlorides formed are soluble except Lead (II) Chloride (soluble on heating/warming) and silver chloride

CaCO₃ (s) + 2HCl(aq)  → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂O(l)  +  CO₂ (g)

4. REACTION WITH ALKALINE SOLUTIONS

Hydrochloric acid neutralizes alkalis to salt and water

 When all the alkali has reacted with the acid, an extra slight excess acid turns the colour of the indicator used

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l) 

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Aqueous HCl reacts with bases just like alkali solutions. Name the products

2. Which ion is responsible for changing litmus papers to red?