Often called Cloze (1): JXUwMDI4JXUwMDExJXUwMDEzJXUwMDEzJXUwMDBkJXUwMDAwJXUwMDA5JXUwMDA5JXUwMDFm or circles of  latitudes , latitudes are Cloze (2): JXUwMDMxJXUwMDA0JXUwMDBjJXUwMDA2JXUwMDBlJXUwMDA3JXUwMDBmJXUwMDEzJXUwMDBi circles parallel to the Cloze (3): JXUwMDFkJXUwMDM0JXUwMDA0JXUwMDE0JXUwMDE1JXUwMDFiJXUwMDFk . They are named after the angle formed by a line connecting the latitude and the Cloze (4): JXUwMDNiJXUwMDA2JXUwMDBiJXUwMDFhJXUwMDExJXUwMDE3 of the Cloze (5): JXUwMDFkJXUwMDI0JXUwMDEzJXUwMDA2JXUwMDFj , and the line connecting the Cloze (6): JXUwMDFkJXUwMDM0JXUwMDA0JXUwMDE0JXUwMDE1JXUwMDFiJXUwMDFk and the center of the Earth.

All lines of Cloze (7): JXUwMDM0JXUwMDBkJXUwMDE1JXUwMDFkJXUwMDFkJXUwMDAxJXUwMDExJXUwMDAx are referred to as Cloze (8): JXUwMDJiJXUwMDFlJXUwMDBjJXUwMDBkJXUwMDAwJXUwMDRjJXUwMDQzJXUwMDBhJXUwMDFiJXUw MDExJXUwMDBmJXUwMDA5JXUwMDE2 apart from the equator.

To determine the distance in km along a small circle between two points P(18.5⁰S, 112⁰E) and Q (18.5⁰S 8⁰E) one use the Cloze (9): JXUwMDJhJXUwMDEzJXUwMDA1JXUwMDBkJXUwMDFjJXUwMDA2 of the small circle which 6370cos18.5 and an angle difference between the lines of longitude which is Cloze (10): JXUwMDY5JXUwMDAxJXUwMDA0JXUwMDA0JXUwMDFl